East-West is worldwide. Though It's generally done by marking where the sun is highest in the day and then counting where the shadow is every hour is my guess.

The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west. Does this apply to every country?

How about we all just sit and reflect on this for a while?

Step one: Check for insurgents. Nothing fucks up your timekeeping like motherfucking insurgents.
Step two: Using your optical tracking device, locate the position of the sun relative to the horizon.
Step three: Use the sun and your analogue wrist watch to locate the direction of true north. You now know if the sun is eastward or westward.
Step four: Take a note of how far east or west of true north the sun is in minutes via your compass.
Step five: Cross reference local sun tables and lunar drift charts to accurately place the time of day in accordance with the sun's location.

Note: Do not attempt this method at night or within the arctic circle.

By getting a watch or looking at your phone.

Read the title.