The Federalists:Often supported the idea of creating a mercantile nation deeply involved in world trade, as well as turning the U.S. into a manufacturing powerhouse. Although, the trade didn't come without a degree of protectionism, and Hamilton favoured using tariffs to spur manufacturing growth. The Federalists also argued for the creation of a national debt, as well as a national bank. They also imposed an excise tax on whiskey.

Federalists generally supported a strong federal government capable of building infrastructure and maintaining this development, taking an "implied powers" approach to the Constitution which allowed elasticity. They were suspicious of mob rule, which has often led to criticisms of elitism.

The Federalists also supported greater ties to Great Britain, and desired to establish a strong navy and army.

The Democratic-Republicans: Supported the idea of a localist, agrarian economy un-involved with international trade. They also believed in small-scale local government to compliment the economic structure and strongly preserve civil liberties, and avoid the problems associated with large, centralised government.

They took a line of Strict Construction in regards to the Constitution, and criticised the Federalists ambitions to establish a national debt and bank as impermissible.

The DRs supported closer ties to the French.